An emission-capacitated vehicle routing model for sustainable urban waste collection using hybrid guided local search – Scientific Reports

Urban logistics services like waste collection significantly impact city sustainability through fuel consumption and emissions. This study introduces the emission-capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows (E-CVRPTW), which explicitly optimizes both operational costs and environmental impacts through load-dependent fuel consumption modeling. When applied to real-world municipal waste collection, the optimized routing plans reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by 9–11% while lowering total costs by 8–9%.

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An emission-capacitated vehicle routing model for sustainable urban waste collection using hybrid guided local search – Scientific Reports