China replacing USA as world‘s leading consumer

This piece is from Earth Policy Institute‘‘s Lester R. Brown



Although the United States has long consumed the lion‘‘s share of the world‘‘s resources, this situation is changing fast as the Chinese economy surges ahead, overtaking the United States in the consumption of one resource after another.



Among the five basic food, energy, and industrial commodities–grain and meat, oil and coal, and steel–consumption in China has already eclipsed that of the United States in all but oil. China has opened a wide lead with grain: 382 million tons to 278 million tons for the United States last year. Among the big three grains, the world‘‘s most populous country leads in the consumption of both wheat and rice, and trails the United States only in corn use.



Although eating hamburgers is a defining element of the U.S. lifestyle, China‘‘s 2004 intake of 64 million tons of meat has climbed far above the 38 million tons consumed in the United States. While U.S. meat intake is rather evenly distributed between beef, pork, and poultry, in China pork totally dominates. Indeed, half the world‘‘s pigs are found in China.



With steel, a key indicator of industrial development, use in China has soared and is now more than twice that of the United States: 258 million tons to 104 million tons in 2003. As China‘‘s population urbanizes and as the country has moved into the construction phase of development, building hundreds of thousands of factories and high-rise apartment and office buildings, steel consumption has climbed to levels not seen in any other country.

With oil, the United States is still solidly in the lead with consumption triple that of China‘‘s–20.4 million barrels per day to 6.5 million barrels in 2004. But while oil use in the United States expanded by only 15 percent from 1994 to 2004, use in the new industrial giant more than doubled. Having recently eclipsed Japan as an oil consumer, China is now second only to the United States.



Looking at energy use in China means also considering coal, which supplies nearly two thirds of energy demand. Here China‘‘s burning of 800 million tons easily exceeds the 574 million tons burned in the United States. With its coal use far exceeding that of the United States and with its oil and natural gas use climbing fast, it is only a matter of time until China will also be the world‘‘s top emitter of carbon. Soon the world may have two major climate disrupters.



In addition to steel, China also leads in the use of other metals, such as aluminum and copper. Not only has China overtaken the United States in use of these materials, but it is widening the gap, leaving the United States in a distant second place.



In another key area, fertilizer–essentially nitrates and potash–China‘‘s use is double that of the United States, 41.2 million tons to 19.2 million tons in 2004. In the use of the nutrients that feed our crops, China is now far and away the world leader.



In China‘‘s consumer economy, sales of almost everything from electronic goods to automobiles are soaring. Nowhere is the explosive growth more visible than in the electronics sector. In 1996 China had 7 million cell phones and the United States had 44 million. By 2003 China had rocketed to 269 million versus 159 million in the United States. In effect, China is leapfrogging the traditional land-line telephone stage of communications development, going directly to mobile phones.



The use of personal computers is now also taking off in China. After a late start, the number of personal computers jumped to 36 million in 2003 compared with 190 million in the United States. But with the number of computers in use doubling every 28 months, it will only be a matter of time before China, a country of 1.3 billion people, overtakes