The Virginia Department of Environmental Qual-
ity encourages households to reuse products and
recycle wastes, including plastic bags. Most of the
plastic bags that are readily available to household
consumers are recyclable, and several grocery store
chains and retailers have drop-off locations in Virginia
for recycling.
The majority of these bags are made with polyethyl-
ene resins. The bags (sometimes called film) are used
in retail and grocery stores, with promotional items,
and as newspaper, dry cleaning, food storage and
packaging wraps. Most of these bags are recyclable,
and businesses have a well-established infrastructure
for recycling them. For the purposes of recycling col-
lection programs that serve the general public, they
are often identified as #2 and
as #4 polyethylene
bags, which have
different densities
or thicknesses. Any
clean, clear plastic
bag labeled as #2 or #4 is
recyclable.
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Waste management poses challenges, but could unlock major environmental and economic gains
Every day, the city of Rio de Janeiro, one of the largest metropolises in the Southern Hemisphere, generates 17,000 tonnes of waste, ranging from large industrial debris to candy wrappers bought innocently at newspaper stands. While this waste presents a serious and urgent environmental challenge, it also fuels an increasingly significant portion of the economy, with benefits extending beyond financial gains. - When we look at developed European countries, many are already recycling between 40% and 50%, with some reaching 60%. From an economic standpoint, both recyclable materials and organic waste hold tremendous value - stated Adalberto Maluf, National Secretary for Environment and Environmental Quality at the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), during the Methane Forum: Climate Emergency Brake, at the Rio Nature and Climate Week. Citing a 2025 report, Maluf mentioned that Brazil literally throws away R$27 billion annually, while municipalities spend significantly more - R$45 billion - managing all this waste, often overlooking the environmental impact or economic potential buried in landfills and dumps. - We spend R$45 billion to collect and dispose of waste in landfills, yet we manage to recycle less than a third of the potential. I believe it will be necessary to review contracts, create performance-based remuneration mechanisms, and pay for both effectively sorted materials and those diverted from landfills - he added. According to the IBGE, 60.5% of Brazilian municipalities adopt some form of selective waste collection, and several initiatives serve as examples of how to manage city waste. In his panel presentation, Bernardo Ornelas, Project Coordinator at the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Urban Cleaning Company (Comlurb), highlighted Ecoparque do Caju, a national benchmark in waste management and recycling. There, received materials are sorted and can be used for biogas production, organic compounds for urban gardens, or human consumption, in the case of still...
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