Recycling campaigns in some cities in the United States and in Western Europe encourage the population to take their recyclable domestic solid waste (glass, plastic, paper, cardboard paper, metal, etc.) to proper disposable units, usually large and colorful plastic containers installed in public places, to be removed to sorting centers or industries that will recover them into new products. Lets take an imaginary residential house 10 kilometers from one of these sorting centers. If someone uses his car only to take his home waste to the sorting centers he may be taking an anti-ecological step, since the fuel used in this task may involve a higher amount of energy then that saved by the recycling of the waste, which he stored in his house led by the best of intentions. Besides, we must still consider the air pollution this same car will produce on this errand. Another case of misshapen is what occurred in Lodz, Poland, where many containers were installed in different parts of the city for the collection of recyclable materials. The result was that all kinds of waste were dumped into them, because as most of the population did not have private cars carrying the waste to the proper disposal places was impossible. Besides that, the average citizen lives in a small apartment with no room for storing garbage for longer periods of time.
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Waste management poses challenges, but could unlock major environmental and economic gains
Every day, the city of Rio de Janeiro, one of the largest metropolises in the Southern Hemisphere, generates 17,000 tonnes of waste, ranging from large industrial debris to candy wrappers bought innocently at newspaper stands. While this waste presents a serious and urgent environmental challenge, it also fuels an increasingly significant portion of the economy, with benefits extending beyond financial gains. - When we look at developed European countries, many are already recycling between 40% and 50%, with some reaching 60%. From an economic standpoint, both recyclable materials and organic waste hold tremendous value - stated Adalberto Maluf, National Secretary for Environment and Environmental Quality at the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), during the Methane Forum: Climate Emergency Brake, at the Rio Nature and Climate Week. Citing a 2025 report, Maluf mentioned that Brazil literally throws away R$27 billion annually, while municipalities spend significantly more - R$45 billion - managing all this waste, often overlooking the environmental impact or economic potential buried in landfills and dumps. - We spend R$45 billion to collect and dispose of waste in landfills, yet we manage to recycle less than a third of the potential. I believe it will be necessary to review contracts, create performance-based remuneration mechanisms, and pay for both effectively sorted materials and those diverted from landfills - he added. According to the IBGE, 60.5% of Brazilian municipalities adopt some form of selective waste collection, and several initiatives serve as examples of how to manage city waste. In his panel presentation, Bernardo Ornelas, Project Coordinator at the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Urban Cleaning Company (Comlurb), highlighted Ecoparque do Caju, a national benchmark in waste management and recycling. There, received materials are sorted and can be used for biogas production, organic compounds for urban gardens, or human consumption, in the case of still...
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