outubro, 2011

• 2 outubro

  Montreal Protocol

  The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was adopted in Montreal in 1987, and subsequently adjusted and amended in London (1990), Copenhagen (1992), Vienna (1995), Montreal (1997) and Beijing (1999). It controls the consumption and production of chlorine- and bromine-containing chemicals that destroy stratospheric ozone, such as …

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• 2 outubro

  Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV)

  MRV refers to the ability to quantify the results of an activity or funding commitment and provide this information to others. The information can then be independently checked for accuracy and reliability. SOURCE: A Guidebook for the Design and Establishment of National Funds to Achieve Climate Change Priorities – UNDP

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• 2 outubro

  Mitigation

  Technological change and substitution that reduces resource inputs and emissions per unit of output. SOURCE: A Guidebook for the Design and Establishment of National Funds to Achieve Climate Change Priorities – UNDP

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• 2 outubro

  Market barriers

  In the context of climate change mitigation, market barriers are conditions that prevent or impede the diffusion of cost- effective technologies or practices that would mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. SOURCE: A Guidebook for the Design and Establishment of National Funds to Achieve Climate Change Priorities – UNDP

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• 2 outubro

  Kyoto Protocol

  The Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC was adopted at the Third Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) in 1997 in Kyoto. It contains legally binding commitments, in addition to those included in the UNFCCC. Annex B countries agreed to reduce their anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, …

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• 2 outubro

  Innovative sources of climate finance

  Innovative sources refers to a range of non-traditional mechanisms to raise new and additional funds for development and climate activities, such as taxes on transport or financial transaction. The term is also sometime used to define innovative public financial schemes such as public-private equity funds or government-sponsored loan guarantee funds …

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• 2 outubro

  Implementation

  Implementation includes the processes and agents set in place to carry out NCF programmes and projects. This can include programmatic instruments (e.g., grants or loans), processes for selecting implementing entities and oversight and legal responsibilities. SOURCE: A Guidebook for the Design and Establishment of National Funds to Achieve Climate Change …

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• 2 outubro

  Greenhouse gases

  Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere and clouds. This property causes the greenhouse effect. Water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide …

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• 2 outubro

  Green Climate Fund (GCF)

  Established at COP 16 in Cancun, Mexico, the GCF joined the GEF as a financial mechanism under the UNFCCC. The GCF will support climate change projects, programmes and policies and other activities in developing countries using thematic funding windows. The exact design arrangements and structure of the GCF will be …

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• 2 outubro

  Global Environment Facility (GEF)

  Established in 1991, the GEF is a financial mechanism under the UNFCCC that provides grants to countries for projects related to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer and persistent organic pollutants. SOURCE: A Guidebook for the Design and Establishment of National Funds to Achieve Climate Change …

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